Parts of a cell

Cell membrane

• Selectively permeable membrane of cell that controls movement of substances in and out of the cell. 

Inside the cell:
Nucleus

• Contain chromatins that control cell activities 
• Chromatin contain DNA which is the genetic material
• DNA contain instructions for traits and characteristics and to carry out the cell's function
• seperated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane.

Cytoplasm

• Gel-like mixture
• surrounded by cell membrane
• contains organelles
• organelle it is not an organelle

Mitochondria

• Referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell
• the food we eat is transformed into energy (ATP) for the cell and our bodies. 
• is an organelle

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• An interconnected network of tubes and vesicles
• Synthesis of proteins, fats, steroid
• Transports materials around in cell
• smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface

Ribosomes

• Each cell contains thousands of these
• Make proteins
• found on endoplasmic reticulum and floating throughout the cell

Golgi Bodies

• Works closely with the ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
• Primary function is to process and package complex molecules such as proteins and fats that are made by the cell
• brings these products to the surface of the cell where they can be secreted 
• other secretions include hormones, antibodies and enzymes

Lysosomes

• Contain digestive enzymes
• digest excess or worn-out organelles, food particles and engulf bacteria or viruses
• also help repair worn-out plasma membrane
• they also provide sugars, amino acids and bases are the foundation of macromolecules
• cell breaks down if lysosome explodes (necrosis causes it to explode) it will self-destruct

Vacuoles

• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion and waste removal
• central large vacuole-help plant cells maintain shape
• Food vacuoles: formed by phagocytosis 
• Source of picture: http://www.google.com.sg/imgres?q=food+vacuole&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1174&bih=680&tbm=isch&tbnid=so-PtxRzkF24FM:&imgrefurl=http://www.biologycorner.com/lesson-plans/phyla/kingdom-protista/&docid=HjN3q_kBIOuxcM&imgurl=http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/paramecium.gif&w=341&h=242&ei=NcAMUJ-RNM3RrQfErYXICA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=120&vpy=160&dur=2084&hovh=189&hovw=267&tx=137&ty=63&sig=103417967968528334523&page=1&tbnh=132&tbnw=186&start=0&ndsp=17&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:69

Chloroplast

• usually found in plant cells
• contains green chlorophyll
• where photosynthesis takes place
• converts light energy into chemical energy in glucose.

source: micro.magnet.fsu.edu 

• chloroplasts is present in plant cells but not present in animal cells.
• the plant cell has a large central vacuole but an animal cell has many tiny vacuoles.
• the plant cell has a cell wall but a animal cell does not have a cell wall. therefore, the plant cell has a fixed shape but the animal cell has an irregular shape. 

SPECIALLY ADDRESSED TO HAY THI AND PEARLYN AND THE REST OF THE MISSING CLASS. 

please research on xylem vessels cells and root hair cells